Explanation of the different classifications of fabrics in terms of abrasion resistance and durability
Abrasion resistance / abrasion fastness in fabrics
Abrasion resistance / abrasion fastness describes how resistant a fabric is to abrasion caused by friction. It is an important quality indicator – especially for upholstery, contract and furniture fabrics. There are two common test methods for describing the durability of fabrics, which indicate abrasion resistance or abrasion fastness.
Martindale method (Europe, internationally widespread)
Test procedure: The fabric is rubbed under defined pressure with a standardised friction surface in a Lissajous motion (circular).
Measured value: Number of abrasion cycles until visible wear (e.g. thread breakage) occurs.
Meaning of the number: The higher the number, the more abrasion-resistant the fabric.
· approx. 10,000–20,000: residential area
· 30,000+: heavy use / commercial area
‘Rub count’ according to the Wyzenbeek method (mainly North America)
Test procedure: The fabric is moved back and forth over a friction surface. In this method, a mechanical arm repeatedly rubs a heavy cloth over the upholstery fabric to be tested. Each back-and-forth movement counts as one abrasion. The abrasion is continued until the upholstery shows signs of wear, which is defined as thread breakage.
Measured value: Number of rubs (double strokes) until wear.
Meaning of the number: The same applies: higher values = higher abrasion resistance.
· Approx. 15,000 rubs: normal use
· 30,000–50,000 rubs: intensive use
Martindale and Wyzenbeek values are not directly comparable, as the type of movement, friction material and evaluation are different.
Abrasion resistance is only one quality feature; weave, yarn, care and area of use also play a major role.
In short: the figures indicate how long a fabric can withstand friction – but always in the context of the respective test method.